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Fig. 1.3 Engineering design vs. industrial design
Based on the framework illustrated in Fig. 1.2 , it is possible to distinguish the
differences that exist between so-called industrial design and so-called engineering
design (see Fig. 1.3 ). So-called engineering design is located closer to science and
technology. So-called industrial design is located closer to society.
It is also possible to distinguish between design that relates to conventional
science and technology and design that relates to highly advanced science and
technology by applying the above-mentioned framework. As illustrated in Fig. 1.4 ,
when conventional science and technology is implemented in products, conventional
science and technology and its products are located close to one another. In other
words, the product designer and the conventional science and technology researcher
are employed by the same person or persons who belong to the related organization.
For example, “a steam locomotive” or “a car” was designed and produced by the
same company that conducts research on the fundamental technology required to
develop a new product. In other words, both science and technology and its
products are included in the scope of “design.” This “design” is referred to as
conventional engineering design. The role of conventional engineering design is to
realize product requirements or specification through developments in science and
technology. In these types of cases, science and technology is understood
(interpreted) by society through product-consumer interactions (see Fig. 1.4 ).
On the other hand, in cases in which highly advanced science and technology is
implemented in products, both highly-advanced science and technology and its
products remain separate from one another because additional specialization pro-
gresses in accordance with additional advances that occur in science and technology.
For example, “a nuclear power station” is designed and produced by a company that
differs from a company that conducts research on fundamental technology required
for the development of a nuclear power station. In other words, only the product
implementation process is included in the scope of the “design.” This design is
referred to as modern engineering design. The role of modern engineering design is
to implement highly advanced science and technology into products to realize their
requirements or specifications. In some cases, highly advanced science and tech-
nology can directly induce anxiety in society. This often occurs because individuals
find these products unimaginable and invisible. They might also struggle when they
imagine the possible magnitude and longitude of the damage these products might
cause. For example, nanotechnology, nuclear science, or genetic engineering can
induce anxiety in society because they are invisible. In addition, they can cause
damage of great magnitude and longitude (see Fig. 1.5 ).
 
 
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