The Design of Technology: Bridging Highly Advanced Science and Technology with Society Through the Creation of Products - Principia Designae: Pre-Design, Design, and Post-Design - page 4

Fig. 1.1 The pre-design
phase, the design phase,
and the post-design phase
relationship is generated outside of the three stages. Thus, it is important to examine
the design phases that occur prior to and after these three stages occur. The author
refers to the former phase as the Pre-Design phase. He refers to the latter phase as
the Post-Design phase (Taura 2014 ) . Further, the author proposes the conception of
motive of design that implies “an underlying reason for the design of a product”
(Taura 2014 ). Based on consumer-product interactions (experiences of utility or
accidents), or, in some cases, without reliance on consumer-product interactions,
consumers' feelings and criteria for science and technology and its products, or
their awareness of problems with existing science and technology and its products,
are overtly or covertly created and contained in each person or in society; personal
motive is that which exists deep in a person's mind and social motive is that which is
shared in society. These newly formed feelings, criteria, or this awareness of
problems constitute the motive of design. They become the reasons to design new
products. The motive of design is different from so-called needs. “Design” occurs in
a situation in which needs do not yet exist. The motive of design exists underneath
the “needs” and generates them.
The Design phase is the so-called conventional design phase. It is comprised of
three stages: conceptual design, embodiment design, and detailed design. During
this phase, a new product is developed that will attempt to satisfy the requirements
or specifications explicitly proposed for new products. This phase is described as a
process of “implementation” during which science and technology is implemented
into products to meet requirements and specifications.
The Post-Design phase is a process in which the motive of design is created and
stored in an individual or in society through consumer-product interactions, or, in
some cases, without reliance on consumer-product interactions.
The Pre-Design phase is a process in which the concrete requirements or
specifications for new products that society might accept are created from the
motive of design.
Figure 1.1 illustrates the relationship that exists among the Pre-Design phase, the
Design phase, the Post-Design phase, and the motive of design. As noted in
Sect. 1.1 , this chapter focuses on the role of science and technology implemented
in products. From the viewpoint of science and technology, the motive of design
may be driven by developments in science and technology. In addition, the motive