‘Design-Society’ Cycle: A Case Study on the Story of Longitude - Principia Designae: Pre-Design, Design, and Post-Design - page 119

• Collective experiences, expectations and aspirations. The collective can be a
community that is bound by a combination of identities, and have aligned
experiences and contexts. An example of collective aspiration might e.g. be
that of young, educated people from a community in India to become officers in
the Indian Administrative Service. An example of collective aspiration, for
victims of Bhopal Gas Disaster ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhopal_disaster ) ,
is to get adequately compensated for by the US multinational Union Carbide.
• The norms and aspirations of a societal fragment.
• A combination of these.

9.6 Design-Society Cycle

The design-society cycle, as a combination of design, pre- and post-design phases,
is proposed in Fig. 9.5 . During pre-design, requirements are created by processes of
transfer (acceptance without change in content), transformation (acceptance after
change in content), de-contextualization (acceptance after removal of context), or
re-contextualization (acceptance after changing the context) of experiences, expec-
tations, and aspirations of an individual, a set of individuals or a collective, and
social norms and motives. These constitute the main pre-design processes.
Starting with new requirements, new products (the term is used in the most
generic sense possible, to include all enablers of change) are developed. The
activity requires processing of experiences, beliefs, knowledge, expectations, and
aspirations of individuals and collectives, and of social norms and motives.

Fig. 9.5 Design-society cycle