Towards Data Democracy Beyond Fukushima - Principia Designae: Pre-Design, Design, and Post-Design - page 100

y

0.95
0.9
0.85
0.8

0.75

0.7
0.65

0.6
0.55
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0.0

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 x

Fig. 8.1 Separation of 2,318 binary systems into compound formers and non-formers
(Villars et al. 2008 )

8.2 Design of Complex Artifacts

Nuclear reactors can be categorized as most complicated and sophisticated engi-
neering products, and over one million parts are integrated to convert about
200 MeV fission energy to eV level thermal energy. Many prototypes of nuclear
reactors at first were designed with a limited number of best experts when data-
driven design was applied with respect to nuclear properties of constituent nuclei
and intrinsic properties of materials. Traditional redesign approaches did not work in
the beginning as there were no prototype engineering products for nuclear applica-
tions. However if we need to design nuclear reactors by taking into account such
structure-sensitive properties as corrosion, strength, ductility, irradiations effects,
aging, other degradations, we need to shift to experience-based design. In the
beginning we did not have any design experience to builton. Full experimental,
theoretical and computational surveys of all possibilities were the way to find
potential candidates as a collection of prototypes, which have been summarized
into a collection of de facto standards for design, and finally endorsed industrial
standards. It is effective and practical as far as we can control facts within a