Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
June, 10, 2008 to June 20, 2008. First 3 days of the simulations were considered as
spin up period for the model. The physical options used for the model were Mix
Phase for moisture scheme, KF2 for cumulus scheme, MRF for PBL scheme and
RRTM for radiation scheme.
Fig. 1.
Ozone concentrations measured at Büyükada, Kandilli and DMO air quality stations
during the simulation period
2.2.2. Emissions
The European emissions were spatially distributed on a 163 × 150 grid system of
30 km resolution and Balkan emissions were distributed on a 140 × 155 grid system
of 10 km resolution, with both domains covering 20 vertical layers. Anthropogenic
emissions included 11 gaseous/particulate species and 23 VOC species provided
from Visschedijk et al. (2005). A domain of 92 × 57 grids for the Istanbul emission
data was generated covering various emissions categories from the EMEP sectors.
This is the first comprehensive and model - ready emission inventory developed
for the city and covers 17 gaseous/particulate species and 23 VOC species.
2.2.3. CMAQ model
The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model (version 4.6) is an Eulerian
type air quality model which simulates the atmospheric and surface processes
affecting the transport, transformation and deposition of air pollutants (Byun and
Ching, 1999). The boundary and initial conditions were provided from the default
CMAQ files. The chemical mechanism used for the gaseous species was CB-IV,
whereas AERO4 was employed as the aerosol mechanism, which includes the sea-
salt emissions.
