Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
statistics for PM
2.5
forecasts still need to be improved due to the difficulty in
simulating the complexity of PM
2.5
formation and distribution by the raw model.
Table 1.
Regional summary of discrete statistics for raw model and KF bias-adjusted daily mean
PM
2.5
forecasts during 2008 warm/cold season
RMSE
(ppb)
NME
(%)
MB
(ppb)
NMB
(%)
TYPE
R
Dom-mod
12.5
20.1
3.2
6.8
0.65
Dom-kf
9.1
14.5
0.6
1.3
0.81
NE-mod
10.6
16.9
2.7
5.6
0.70
NE-kf
8.9
13.8
0.7
1.4
0.78
SE-mod
12.2
20.1
5.8
12.2
0.70
SE-kf
9.1
14.7
0.5
1.1
0.80
UM-mod
10.4
17.5
2.5
5.4
0.59
UM-kf
8.5
13.7
0.7
1.5
0.72
LM-mod
13.6
27.0
7.0
16.9
0.64
LM-kf
9.8
17.7
0.8
1.9
0.77
RM-mod
11.4
16.4
2.7
5.1
0.50
RM-kf
8.9
12.8
0.7
1.3
0.70
PC-mod
16.0
21.9
−
3.2
−
5.9
0.60
PC-kf
10.5
14.5
0.2
0.3
0.84
Table 2.
Regional summary of discrete statistics for raw model and KF bias-adjusted daily mean
PM
2.5
forecasts during 2008 warm/cold season
RMSE
(
μ
g/m
3
)
NME
(%)
MB
(
μ
g/m
3
)
NMB
(%)
TYPE
R
47.5
/
70.5
Dom-mod
9.6/10.5
−
2.3/4.5
−
19.6/45.1
0.33/0.53
Dom-kf
6.6/6.4
32.9/42.5
−
0.1/1.7
−
0.4/16.5
0.71/0.68
NE-mod
7.5/12.3
39.5/76.1
−
2.4/6.6
−
17.8/59.9
0.56/0.63
NE-kf
5.5/7.3
29.1/44.7
−
0.4/2.4
−
2.7/22.1
0.76/0.72
SE-mod
7.8/9.1
41.5/62.1
−
3.9/4.6
−
27.5/43.8
0.40/0.47
SE-kf
5.3/5.4
27.1/37.2
−
0.4/1.3
−
2.7/12.8
0.63/0.58
−0
.7/6.5
−
6.0/57.4
UM-mod
6.0/10.7
36.6/68.3
0.58/0.62
UM-kf
5.0/6.1
30.7/37.3
−
0.2/1.7
−
1.7/15.2
0.69/0.73
LM-mod
8.7/9.4
52.4/67.7
−
4.0/3.6
−
32.9/36.8
0.17/0.32
LM-kf
5.8/5.9
34.9/42.5
−
0.2/1.2
−
1.5/12.2
0.37/0.49
RM-mod
6.4/9.3
50.5/75.7
−
1.5/3.5
−
17.2/43.1
0.18/0.37
RM-kf
4.6/5.6
33.5/44.4
0.0/1.3
0.2/16.2
0.57/0.62
PC-mod
15.3/10.2
57.9/60.2
−
3.4/1.8
−
30.6/15.8
0.23/0.53
PC-kf
10.5/7.0
39.0/40.9
0.2/1.2
1.9/10.4
0.73/0.72