Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
for the high level of radioactivity measured at Norwegian measurement sites
(Saltbones et al., 2007).
Here we discuss the model runs simulating dispersion of radioactive debris
from three selected nuclear explosions, as well as the model run simulating
stratospheric intrusion of radioactivity to the measurement site in Bergen.2. Model
Simulations of Dispersion from Selected Nuclear.
The Severe Nuclear Accident Program (SNAP) model (Bartnicki et al., 2004b)
has been used for simulating tropospheric and stratospheric dispersion of radioactive
particles emitted from each of three selected explosions in Novaya Zemlya on
12.10.1958, 15.10.1958 and 18.10.1958. The results of the model simulation for
20 October at 16:00 UTC in the form of model particle locations are shown in
Fig. 1.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Fig. 1.
The locations of model particles on 20 October 1958 released during three nuclear
explosions: (a) On 12 October, (b) on 15 October, and (c) on 18 October 1958. Particles at all
vertical levels are shown. The isolines of the Mean Sea Level Pressure and precipitation are also
shown
The explosive yield for all three bombs was very high: 1.45, 1.5 and 2.9 Mt for
the releases on 12th, 15th and 18th October, respectively. For all explosions, the
initial shape of the radioactive cloud simulated in the model was of the form of
mushroom formed by two cylinders. The radius of the lower cylinder was about
2.5 km and upper cylinder 17.5 km. The base of the upper cylinder was about 13.5
km and its top at approximately 21.5 m. Total released activity was assumed 2 ×
10
22
Bq. The same parameters were used for all three explosions in the SNAP
model simulations.
