Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
2. Components and Implementation
Beside the model supported monitoring and public information, AirWare offers
data bases and analysis tools for emission sources, including dynamic emission
modeling; monitoring data analysis for both historical data sets and the real-time
data acquisitions; a data base of emission control technologies used for the opti-
mization; and an embedded GIS that manages distributed models input data such
as DEM, land cover, but also population distribution for exposure analysis. The
primary models in AirWare are the prognostic meteorological models MM5 and
WRF, that generate high-resolution meteorological fields to drive the air quality
models. The central model is the 3D nested-grid photochemical code CAMx (in
Korea, Anyang University uses CMAQ in parallel), and AERMOD for regulatory
applications, long-term (annual) impacts assessment, and a high-resolution con-
volution version with a mixing zone representation of streets and the near-field
gradients from traffic sources. For larger individual point sources under transient
conditions and very short time steps (e.g., boiler start-up), we use a version of
(multi)PUFF, Lagrangian transport of a Gaussian plume. Finally, for very high-
resolution near field representation where building obstacles have to be treated
explicitly, a CFD code (TIMES-URBAN) developed in collaboration with the
Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Mathematical Modeling, is used. These
models obtain their input data “automatically” from dynamic emission models.
The models in turn use an emission data base and emission scenarios, generated
for any arbitrary spatial model domain and model period, using historical data,
data observed in real-time, or data generated (forecasted) with temporal patterns
from average emission values. AirWare is implemented as a distributed client-
server system, that uses the Internet protocol TCP/IP to connect several “logical
application servers”, remote information resources (monitoring networks as well
as high-performance cluster computing for demanding simulations and forecasts),
and its users through any networked device that supports standard web browsers
or the MMS/WAP protocol for mobile clients such as smart phones or PDAs.
