Agriculture Reference
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Fig. 11.10   Effect of CNTs on tomato seed germination. a Time of germination and germination
percentages of seeds incubated with and without CNTs during 20 days. Seedlings with developed
cotyledons and root system were recognized as fully germinated in this experiment. b Phenotype
of tomato seeds incubated during three days without ( left ) or with ( right ) CNTs on MS medium.
(Adopted with kind permission from Khodakovskaya et al. 2009 )
are still unpredictable. The interaction of nanomaterials with plants differs with
type and time of exposure to nanomaterials, so these facts should be kept in mind
while performing nanotoxicity studies. Additionally, the orientation of nanotubes
with respect to the plant cell wall might be important for their penetration, but the
mode of entry of nanotubes through the cell wall remains mysterious which still
needs more studies.
5.2   Magnetic Nanomaterials
Magnetic nanoparticles have received enormous attention because they allow spe-
cific localization of the particles to release their load, which plays a crucial role in
the applications of nanoparticulate delivery for plants. Some research groups (Gon-
zalez-Melendi et al. 2008 ; Zhu et al. 2008 ; Corredor et al. 2009 ) have reported the
uptake, translocation and specific localization of magnetic nanoparticles in pump-
kin plants. No toxicity detected on plant growth which suggested that these kinds of
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