Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
1
General Points
1.1. Introduction
This topic is the continuation of [TAR 11a] and [TAR 11b].
The series as a whole gives a broad-ranging presentation of
the statistical properties of turbulent flows delimited by rigid
walls. It is preferable, though not obligatory, for the readers
to consult [TAR 11a] and [TAR 11b]. This chapter lays out
the basic elements and the literature necessary for the
understanding of this topic. We limit ourselves to give an
overview as brief as possible, without going into details,
which the interested readers can find out in numerous
publications referenced herein.
First, we provide a summary of the fundamental
equations in fluid dynamics (the Navier-Stokes (NS)
momentum balance equations and the conservation of mass
equations). We then proceed to discuss the Reynolds-
averaged equations. We lay down a number of exact
solutions related to fully developed turbulent flows in a two-
dimensional (2D) channel, before providing a brief reminder
about turbulent boundary layers and their overall
characteristics. Wall turbulent scales are then introduced,
alongside closures at a single point. We then present the
characteristics of the mean velocity distribution and the
