Theoretical Background - Response of Flood Events to Land Use and Climate Change - page 24

Table 2.2 Trend analysis results throughout Europe between 1977 and 2000

Location Trend Source

Throughout Europe Increasing trend in temperature about

+0.90 C

[ 73 ]

Central and north-eastern
Europe and in
mountainous regions

Increasing trend in temperature is
higher. Higher trend of daily
temperature due to an increase in
warm extremes, rather than a
decrease of cold extremes.

Böhm et al. [ 136 ]; Klein
Tank and Können
[ 137 ]; [ 73 , 136 , 137 ]

Mediterranean region Increasing trend in temperature Böhm et al. [ 136 ]; Klein

Tank and Können [ 137 ]

In most parts
of the continent

Lower trend in mean precipitation
per wet day.

[ 136 , 138 , 139 ]

In most of Atlantic and
northern Europe

Increasing in mean winter precipitation [ 136 ]

Mediterranean area Negative trend in annual precipitation

in the east, while they are non-
significant in the west.

[ 140 ]

Fig. 2.3 Observed change in annual rainfall 1961-2006 (Source EEA's ''Global and European
temperature'' core set indicator, based on gridded data from CRUTEM3, climatic research unit
and KNMI's climate explorer)

Figures 2.3 and 2.4 show observed changes in annual precipitation and tem-
perature between 1961 and 2006 over Europe, which was reported by EEA.
According to the robust result of IPCC [ 38 - 40 ], a downward trend in summer
precipitation in southern Europe, accompanied by upward trend in temperatures,
which enhance evaporative demand, would inevitably lead to reduced summer soil
moisture [ 74 ]. Figure 2.4 shows the European mean annual temperature deviations