Perspectives - Response of Flood Events to Land Use and Climate Change - page 229

''Risk quantification'' provides a basis for risk assessment and risk management.
Risk in the context of this work is defined as a combination of the consequences of a
flood event and its probability of occurrence [ 4 ]. The consequences may arise in a
social, economic, and environmental dimension and may therefore affect individuals
or the society [ 5 - 7 ]. The risk analysis may anticipate potential future events
(ex-ante) or may focus on historic events (ex-post) [ 8 ].
There are manifold ''uncertainties'' associated with the analysis of flood risks.
[ 9 ] and [ 10 ] therefore preferred the term ''risk estimation'' instead of ''risk
calculation''. [ 11 ] suggested to not consider the results of risk analysis models as
facts, since much uncertainty is inherent in the modeling results. There is uncer-
tainty in the occurrence and the magnitude of extremes, which is specified by a
probability density function. Then, there is uncertainty due to the lack of knowl-
edge and the imperfect system of description, which affects the quantification of
the hazard, and the consequences and probability density function.
8.2 Web-GIS Platform
This research aims to bridge the gap between ''science'' and ''stakeholders'': From
a ''variety of complex and complicated equations which govern on flood hazard/
risk assessment that includes a wide range of uncertainties in both temporal and
spatial scales'' to ''easy accessible achieved results and information for both
academic staff and also non-academic staff such as (non)governmental organiza-
tions and stakeholders to do any future flood risk management to reduce the
vulnerability of flood based on different scenarios or modules''. To this purpose
visualizing the results, Web-GIS platform is necessary. Moreover, and as a con-
sequence of this research, developing a common user-friendly Web-GIS tool for
technical staff and decision makers who normally do not have a background in
Geoinformatics for flood risk analysis and management, it will be a suitable
solution in any future flood risk management [ 12 ].
A ''Web-GIS'' is a GIS platform for sharing spatial and geographical data using
the Web [ 12 ]. The traditional stand-alone GIS tools are fixed and gathered by the
client from the Web, removing every need for software installation and setup
[ 13 , 14 ]. A Web-based system as a user-friendly visualization instrument should,
however, be used to facilitate interpretation, generation of basic knowledge, and
representation of results, both to increase the purpose of training and to define
practical risk management plans [ 12 , 15 ].
8.3 Application of Remote Sensing-Based Data
Considering the lack of snow data in the Barcelonnette area, to study the effects of
the extent and variability of seasonal snow cover on the climate system, future
research needs to acquire snow cover information both on a fine temporal scale and