Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
• In this research, applying the interpolation techniques was not necessary
because the available 5 m resolution DEM was more accurate, precise, and had
a higher density than the modeled DEM derived from different interpolation
techniques.
• For future research, a LiDAR DEM would be more accurate, but SOBEK as
1D-2D modeling need weeks or months to calculate a small flood. In this case,
the DEM needs to be degraded to a larger grid, or it is recommended to apply
another hydrodynamic model to simulate a flood.
Hypotheses (b):
For any flood hazard assessment, simulation of variability of flood crisis
scenarios and flood frequency analysis is necessary for civil protection
purposes.
• The results of the hydrodynamic section and a subset of different crisis scenarios
are very important as basic information for policy making, decision support, and
flood hazard planning in the Barcelonnette area. It seems that for any future
flood planning, the flood hazard/risk zone provided by Prévention des Risques
naturels (PPR), Prévention des Risques naturels (PER) and Restauration des
Terrains de Montage (RTM), should be updated based on the results of this
study. Additionally, the natural areas in this region also need to be considered
for providing hazard and risk maps.
• Return period and flood frequency curves should be checked and updated from
time to time.
Hypotheses (c):
Topographic elements can be used as a strategic flood defense system,
especially to delay flood waters in order to evacuate people.
• There is still concern about overtopping and inundation in the case of a severe
flood event with the current dyke height. Therefore, it is recommended that the
flat areas in both the city and natural sectors be protected with dykes. Mainte-
nance and construction of the dykes should be controlled. It should be consid-
ered that the dyke can induce catastrophic floods when they start to fail. If dykes
fail, they can cause a false sense of security on public and residential parts in
flood plain areas of Ubaye River.
• In principle, all artificial structures need more and more maintenance with time;
thus, the probability of failure continuously increases, which is why channel
modifications/improvements/hydraulic structure improvements are foreseen.
Hypotheses (d):
Climatic variables influence flow distribution.
• A decreasing trend in precipitation and an increasing trend in temperature and
seasonal changes seem to be a sign of climate change. Especially, increasing
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