Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 3 Some molecular inhibitors of signaling pathways
Inhibitor Full name of inhibitor
APS Adaptor molecule (pleckstrin homology and SH-2 domains)
NSAID Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
GSK-3 Glycogen synthesis kinase-3
sFRPs Secreted Frizzled-related proteins
DKK Dickkopf family (WIF-1, Cerebus)
DAPT g-secretase inhibitor, N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-
phenylglycine t-butyl ester
SMAD6,7 Related to Drosophila Mad (Mothers against decapentaplegic),
inhibitor of SMAD transcription factors for TGF-b pathway
Lefty1,2 Inhibitor of Activin activation of TGF-b pathway
Gremlin Inhibitor of BMP activation of TGF-b pathway
LY294002 Selective PI3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor
I-kB Inhibitor of kB
PTDC Sodium pyrrolidinethiocarbamate
U0126 MAP kinase inhibitor [1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis
(o-aminophenylmercapto)butadiene ethanolate]
SM16 Small molecular inhibitor of TGF-b type I receptor kinase (ALK5)
Tcf3 Repressor of Wnt target genes
Velcade Blocks NF-kB
From Sell (2007a)
4 Conclusions
And don't throw the past away
You might need it some other rainy day
Dreams can come true again
When everything old is new again
Peter Allen
What is old?
Cancers arise from maturation arrest of stem cells.
Cancers contain the same populations as do normal tissues: stem cells,
transit-amplifying cells, and differentiated cells.
Differentiation markers can be used for diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation
of treatment.
The number of cancer stem cells in tumors varies enormously, from 1 in 1 to 1
in 10
6
.
Cancer stem cells can be grown in soft agar.
Cancer stem cells initiate tumors upon transplantation.
Cancer stem cells are resistant to chemotherapy and radiation.
Cancer transit-amplifying cells can be treated by differentiation therapy.
What is new?
Cancer stem cells can be identified via oncodevelopmental cell surface
markers.
