The Structural Systems oF Tall Buildings - Tall Buildings: Structural Systems and Aerodynamic Form - page 20

Figure 3.5

Lever House, New York, USA, 1952

and with reinforced concrete structural material include:

• the 16-storey, 65 m high Ingalls Building (Cincinnati, 1903) ( Figure 3.1 )

3.3 Flat plate/slab systems

Flat plate/slab systems are used in reinforced concrete buildings. This system consists
of beamless floor slabs of constant thickness and columns. Shear walls also can
be placed in addition to or instead of the columns ( Figure 3.6a ) . Column capitals
( Figure 3.6b ) or gussets ( Figure 3.6c ) can be placed on the upper ends of the columns
in order to reduce the punching effect created by shear forces in the connections
between the columns and slabs. Using a flat ceiling instead of one with beams, and