Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
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A different class of “ladder-shaped” polyethers, yessotoxins [e.g., yessotoxin 1
(
15
)], was isolated from toxic scallops; again its producer is the dinoflagellate
Protoceratium reticulatum
(5). The mode of action seems to be different from
that of brevetoxins and ciguatoxins.
The sponge
Halichondria okadai
contains a polyether metabolite named
okadaic acid (
16
) that was also isolated as a causative agent of diarrhetic
shellfish poisoning (DSP) from mussels and other bivalves (14). However, the
real producers are dinoflagellates of the genus
Dinophysis
. It is a potent cancer
promoter that was found to be caused by inhibition of protein phosphatases 1 and
