Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
(a)
(b)
Figure 9.1
(a) Representative isoquinoline alkaloids. (b) Early biosynthetic steps
of the isoquinoline pathway yield the biosynthetic intermediate (S)-reticuline, the
central biosynthetic intermediate for all isoquinoline alkaloids. (c) Berberine and
sanguinarine biosynthesis pathways. (d) Morphine biosynthesis. NCS, norcoclaurine
synthase; 6-OMT, norcoclaurine 6-O-methyltransferase; CNMT, coclaurine N-methyl-
transferase (Cyp80B); NMTC, N-methylcoclaurine 3
-hydroxylase; 4
-OMT, 3
-hydroxy-
N-methylcoclaurine 4
-O-methyltransferase; BBE, berberine bridge enzyme; SOMT,
scoulerine 9-O-methyltransferase; CS, canadine synthase; TBO, tetrahydroprotober-
berine oxidase; CHS, cheilanthifoline synthase; SYS, stylopine synthase; NMT, N-
methyltransferase; NMSH, N-methylstylopine hydroxylase; P6H protopine 6-hydroxylase;
DHPO, dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase; RO, reticuline oxidase; DHR, dihydroreti-
culinium ion reductase; STS, salutaridine synthase; SalR, salutaridine reductase; SalAT,
salutaridinol acetyltransferase; COR, codeinone reductase.
