Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
m
e
asured
c
o
rrected
m
o
deled
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
f
(GHz)
(a)
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
me
a
sured
corrected
m
o
deled
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
f
(GHz)
(b)
Fig. 5.6
Results for the preliminary test of the TSC procedure: comparison of the magnitudes
of the measured, of the corrected, and of the modeled
S
11
.
a
for bi-distilled water at 25
.
6
◦
C.
b
for ethanol at 25
.
4
◦
C [48]
5.4.2.3
TSC Application Test-Case: Soil Moisture Estimation
Construction sand was used as test material; the sample was placed inside a cylin-
drical holder (with a diameter of 7.8 cm and a height of 25 cm). Preliminary mea-
surements confirmed that boundary effects due to the used holder were negligible.
To verify the suitability of the proposed method for the estimation of
θ
, the sand
sample was moistened at five prefixed water contents levels (
), corresponding to
5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The probe was inserted in the sand and was not
removed until all the experiments were carried out. Moistening was performed by
adding the fixed amount of water from the top-surface of the sample; when the dis-
tribution of water appeared homogeneous (which took approximately 30 hours for
θ
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