Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
a.
012345678901234012345678901234
AONObcbbcaaaAOAaAbccbbaaacc-[m] = 7
AONObcbbcaaaAOAaAbccbbaaacc-[d] = 7
AAa
aAA
b.
Sub-ET
1
A
Sub-ET
2
A
a
A
O
A
a
c
A
O
A
b
b
c
c
N
O
b
c
b
b
c.
Sub-ET
1
Sub-ET
2
a
A
O
A
a
c
A
b
c
b
Figure 3.17.
Illustration of a macromutation created by inversion.
a)
The mother
and daughter chromosomes with the inverted sequence shown in bold.
b)
The sub-
ETs encoded by the mother chromosome (before inversion).
c)
The sub-ETs
encoded by the daughter chromosome (after inversion) (the inverted nodes are
shown in gray). Note that this inversion event changed drastically the first sub-ET,
shortening the daughter sub-ET by 11 nodes. Note also that the fitness remained
the same despite this huge transformation (the sub-ETs are linked by OR).
3.3.4 Transposition and Insertion Sequence Elements
The transposable elements of gene expression programming are fragments
of the genome that can be activated and jump to another place in the chromo-
some. And there are three kinds of transposable elements in GEP: (1) short
fragments with either a function or terminal in the first position that
