Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
4
i
ref
i
a
2
0
−2
−4
2
e
i
1
0
−1
−2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Time [s]
Figure 6.19
Transient response of the inverter when transferred from the stand-alone mode to the
grid-connected mode and then back
4
30
i
ref
i
a
u
ref
u
A
2
15
0
0
−2
−15
−4
−30
4
4
e
i
e
u
2
2
0
0
−2
−2
−4
−4
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Time [s]
Time [s]
(a)
i
a
, its reference
i
ref
and the error
e
i
(b)
u
A
, its reference
u
ref
and the error
e
u
Figure 6.20
Detailed responses when transferred from the stand-alone mode to the grid-connected
mode at
t
=
1s
4
30
i
ref
i
a
u
ref
u
A
2
15
0
0
−2
−15
−4
−30
2
4
e
i
e
u
1
2
0
0
−1
−2
−2
−4
2.9
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
2.9
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Time [s]
Time [s]
(a)
i
a
, its reference
i
ref
and the error
e
i
(b)
u
A
, its reference
u
ref
and the error
e
u
Figure 6.21
Detailed responses to a step change in the grid current reference
I
d
from0Ato1
.
5Aat
t
=
3s
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