Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
clear that a new type of leader is required to accomplish these tasks in an environment of
rapid change and intense competition. One newer style of leadership,
transformational
leadership
, has been identifi ed as particularly helpful in guiding organizations and employ-
ees through such changes. Transformational leadership, as defi ned by Bernard Bass in his
book
Leadership Performance Beyond Expectation
, is a form of leadership that motivates
followers to work for transcendental goals and for aroused higher-level needs of self-actual-
ization rather than for immediate self-interest. Essentially, transformational leaders (TLs)
motivate individuals in an organization to proactively work for a “transformation” in how
the company does some aspect or aspects of its business.
Transformational leadership involves three steps:
1.
Recognizing the changes in the market
2.
Creating a vision of the fi rm in this new market
3.
Institutionalizing the change
Transformational leaders are usually found in a chaotic marketplace. At a time of
upheaval, it is transformational leaders who, in the midst of struggle, can identify those
issues that are most critical. They create a vision for dealing with the situation, usually by
“thinking outside of the box,” that is, thinking beyond the normal ways in which such situa-
tions are handled. But it doesn't stop there. TLs follow through by making the change a
reality. They foster a company culture that understands the need for change and embraces
the vision.
TLs have the ability to infl uence major changes in organizations by infl uencing changes
in followers' attitudes and assumptions. They typically exhibit some combination of two or
more of the following four characteristics: idealized infl uence, inspirational motivation,
intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration.
Idealized infl uence
. TLs often act as role models. They have a high degree of self-confi dence
and strong conviction regarding their own ideas and beliefs. They consider others'
needs, share risk, and are consistent and responsible, and demonstrate accountability.
Inspirational motivation
. TLs inspire followers to exert themselves beyond what is expected.
They are good at generating enthusiasm, team spirit, and optimism by demonstrating
self-determination and commitment.
Intellectual stimulation
. TLs encourage creativity by acting as teachers. They offer a breath
of fresh air by analyzing old problems in new ways and by using intelligence and rea-
soning instead of unsupported opinions. They encourage followers to think about actions
before taking action.
Individualized consideration
. TLs give each follower individual attention. They fi nd a fol-
lower's individual talent, offer criticism, and provide opportunities for learning. This
one-on-one coach or mentor notion makes followers feel accepted, valued, secure, and
may help them become more loyal followers.
Agribusinesses continue to face changes and challenges in an ever-more competitive busi-
ness climate. As a result, today's agribusiness managers may have even more opportunities
in the future to apply the principles of transformational leadership—or some of its compo-
nents — in their organizations.
Beyond these four basic styles of leadership, there are a host of refi nements and
behavioral patterns that can, when studied in detail, contribute greatly to leadership
effectiveness. Some of these theories provide classic insights into human behavior and
