Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
(EGF) domains by the
O
- fucosyltransferase
O
- FucT1 and the
1,3 - N - acetylglucos-
aminyltransferase Fringe (for further details on
O
- fucosylation, please see Chapter
7; for the relationship between
O
- fucosylation or glycosaminoglycan parameters
and disease, see Chapter 22) [12]. As analyzed by applying both carbohydrate- spe-
cifi c antibodies and plant lectins as probes, each stem cell type appears to display
a distinct glycan signature at the cell surface [11]. This property might pave the
way for the characterization of stem cell lineages - a step toward envisioned appli-
cations in regenerative medicine. Examples of emerging stem cell glycan markers
are shown in Table 24.3 and serve to illustrate the signifi cance of glycomic profi l-
ing for cell typing. The ensuing question on examples for a functional role of
glycan markers will be answered for different types of tumor cells in Chapter 25
and for infl ammatory cells in Chapter 27 .
β
Table 24.3
Examples for cell-surface glycan markers used for identifi cation and enrichment of stem cells
a
.
Stem cell lineage
Species
Glycan marker
Description/structure
SSEA - 1 (Le
x
, CD15)
b
Embryonic stem cells
Mouse
Gal
1,3Fuc]GlcNAc on
glycoproteins and glycosphin-
golipids
β
1,4[
α
Human
SSEA - 3
Pentasaccharide
of
a
globo-
series glycosphingolipid
Human
SSEA - 4
Hexasaccharide
of
a
globo-
series glycosphingolipid
Human
TRA - 1 - 60
Neuraminidase - sensitive and
keratan sulfate-presenting
proteoglycan
Human
TRA - 1 - 82
Neuraminidase - insensitive
keratan sulfate-presenting
pro teoglycan
Hematopoietic stem cells
Human
CD34
Type 1 transmembrane sialo-
mucin (glycoforms)
Hematopoietic progenitor cells
Human
CD164
Transmembrane sialomucin
Hematopoietic and endothelial
stem cells, neural stem cells
Mouse, human
CD133 (prominin 1,
PROM1)
b
Five - transmembrane - domain
glycoprotein
Neural stem cells
Human
PSA - NCAM
α
2,8 - Linked oligosialic acid
chains as part of a complex-
type
N
-glycan on a type 1
transmembrane glycoprotein
a
SSEA = stage - specifi c embryonic antigen; CD = cluster of differentiation (see Info Box in Chapter 27 ); TRA = tumor
rejecting antigen; PSA- NCAM = polysialic acid - presenting neural cell adhesion molecule.
b
Alias protein names; for glycan nomenclature, please see Chapter 1; for details on
N
- glycans, see Chapters 6 and
8; on mucins, see Chapter 7.5; on glycolipids, see Chapters 10 and 30; on proteoglycans Chapter 11; on the glyco-
protein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), please see Chapters 6 and 30 .
