Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 9.3
Summary of functions of GPI anchors.
Function
Examples
Anchoring of surface proteins
general property
Cell wall component in yeasts
GAS1
a
Incorporation into glycolipid rafts
general property of in higher eukaryotes
Toxin binding
to
toxin
Clostridium septicum
, aerolysin
(a channel- forming bacterial toxin)
α
Strong apical targeting signal
in polarized epithelial cells
Selective packaging during ER exit
GAS1 in
S. cerevisiae
Endocytosis by clathrin and caveolin
prion protein, folate receptor
b
Migration to other membranes
VSG, neural cell adhesion molecule
lymphocyte antigen 6 complex (Ly6), Thy - 1
c
,
neural cell adhesion molecule
Involvement in signal transduction
Parasite toxin
induction of tumor necrosis factor-
and
interleukin-1 production by macrophages,
increases the inducible nitric oxide synthase
gene expression and nitric oxide
α
Upregulates intercellular adhesion molecules
ICAM - 1
d
, VCAM - 1
e
Induces low level of apoptosis
induced by
P. falciparum
GPIs in spleen,
heart and liver of mice
a
gas1
encodes a cell wall-bound
β
1-3-glucosyltransferase involved in the formation and mainte-
1-3-glucan, which is the major polysaccharide of the yeast cell wall.
b
Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM, also the cluster of differentiation CD56; for further
information on NCAM, please see chapters 6 and 30.7) is a homophilic binding glycoprotein
expressed on the surface of neurons, glia, skeletal muscle and natural killer cells. NCAM has
been implicated as having a role in cell-cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, synaptic plasticity, and
learning and memory.
c
Thy - 1 or CD90 is a 25 - 37 kDa heavily
N
- glycosylated, GPI - anchored conserved cell surface
protein with a single V-like immunoglobulin domain, originally discovered as a thymocyte
antigen. Thy-1 can be used as a marker for a variety of stem cells and for the axonal processes
of mature neurons.
d
ICAM-1 is type of intercellular adhesion molecule continuously present in low concentrations in
the membranes of leukocytes and endothelial cells.
e
VCAM1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule- 1).
nance of
β
