Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
between 'model organisms' and mammals can aid our understanding of the role
of glycosylation in biological processes.
Summary Box
Across species, there is a wide range of variation in the types and structures of
glycoconjugates; certainly, the glycans of prokaryotes are fundamentally differ-
ent from those of eukaryotes, but even within eukaryotes, plants and animals
share only two types of glycosylation (
N
-glycans and GPIs). Other than the
O
-
linked GlcNAc modifi cation of some cytosolic and nuclear proteins, the forms
of
O
-glycans and polysaccharides in plants and animals are quite different; also,
when considering non-mammals, the variations in
N
- glycans are signifi cant,
and have repercussions with regard to their immunogenicity and functionality
as glycopharmaceuticals. Finally, it appears that knocking out glycogenes can
have far more serious effects in mammals than in worms, fl ies or plants.
References
1
Messner P , Sch ä ffer C . Prokaryotic glyco-
proteins . In:
Progress in the Chemistry of
Organic Natural Products
(Eds.: Herz W ,
Falk H , Kirby GW ), pp. 51 - 124 . Springer ,
Vienna , 2003 .
Huffaker TC , Robbins PW . Temperature -
sensitive yeast mutants defi cient in aspar-
agine - linked
thesize Golgi - modifi ed complex
N
- linked
glycans .
Plant Physiol
1993 ; 102 : 1109 - 18 .
Gillmor CS
et al.
9
- Glucosidase I is required
for cellulose biosynthesis and morphogen-
esis in
Arabidopsis
.
J Cell Biol
2002 ; 156 :
1003 - 13 .
L é onard R
et al.
Two novel types of
O
- gly-
cans on the mugwort pollen allergen Art v 1
and their role in antibody binding.
J Biol
Chem
2005 ; 280 : 7932 - 40 .
Benning C , Ohta H . Three enzyme systems
for galactoglycerolipid biosynthesis are co-
ordinately regulated in plants.
J Biol Chem
2005 ; 280 : 2397 - 400 .
Rendi c´ D
et al.
Adaptation of the ' in - gel
release method' to
N
- glycome analysis of
low-milligram amounts of material.
Electro-
phoresis
2007 ; 28 : 4484 - 92 .
Jarvis DL . Developing baculovirus - insect
cell expression systems for humanized
recombinant glycoprotein production.
Virol-
ogy
2003 ; 310 : 1 - 7 .
Okajima T
et al.
Modulation of notch - ligand
binding by protein
O
- fucosyltransferase 1
and fringe.
J Biol Chem
2003 ; 278 : 42340 - 5 .
Lyalin D
et al.
The
twisted
gene encodes
Dro-
sophila
protein
O
- mannosyltransferase 2 and
genetically interacts with the
rotated abdomen
gene encoding
Drosophila
protein
O
- man-
nosyltransferase 1.
Genetics
2006 ; 172 : 343 -
53 .
α
2
10
glycosylation .
J Biol Chem
1982 ; 257 : 3203 - 10 .
Gemmill TR , Trimble RB . Overview of
N
-
and
O
- linked oligosaccharide structures
found in various yeast species.
Biochim
Biophys Acta
1999 ; 1426 : 227 - 37 .
Hamilton SR
et al.
Humanization of yeast
to produce complex terminally sialylated
glycoproteins .
Science
2006 ; 313 : 1441 - 3 .
Barreto - Bergter E
et al.
Structure and bio-
logical functions of fungal cerebrosides.
An Acad Bras Cienc
, 2004 ; 76 : 67 - 84 .
Orlean P , Menon AK . Lipid posttrans-
lational modifi cations. GPI anchoring of
protein in yeast and mammalian cells, or:
how we learned to stop worrying and love
glycophospholipids .
J Lipid Res
2007 ; 48 :
993 - 1011 .
Saint - Jore - Dupas C
et al.
From planta to
pharma with glycosylation in the toolbox.
Trends Biotechnol
2007 ; 25 : 317 - 23 .
von Schaewen A
et al.
Isolation of a mutant
Arabidopsis
plant that lacks
N
- acetyl glucos-
aminyl transferase-I and is unable to syn-
3
11
4
12
5
13
6
14
7
15
8
