Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
be met by increasing crop yields through better crop, nutrient,
pest and water management and the use of germplasm and
biotechnological engineering with a higher yield potential. In
case of grain crops an excellent process had been introduced
to have healthy plants with enriched calory and nutrient
quality of grain. Also, INM, IPM and numerous improved
irrigation techniques are being adopted along with application
of fertilizers. Genetic enrichment and modifi cation are being
utilized and tested seriously. Among the two major types of
rice viz. indica and japonica, japonica mainly grown in Japan
and North China, is more tolerant to cold. Such approaches
require much greater knowledge among farmers. A major
challenge during the coming decade is to develop cost effective
technology transfer methods to increase the ability of farmers
to manage the resources at their disposal more effi ciently
(Fairhurst and Dobermann 2002).
Rice is a major source of food for more than 2.7 billion
people and planted on nearly one-tenth of earth's available
land. Of 130 million hectares of rice land, 30% is subjected
to salinity problems, 20% drought and 10% low temperature
at high latitude and altitude areas were well documented in
Japan (Shimono et al. 2007), Korea, Northeastern and Southern
China, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and other countries (Lee
2001, Kaneda and Beachell 1974). In similar low temperature
conditions severe yield losses were reported in Australia (Farrell
et al. 2001), Italy and United States (Board et al. 1980).
If we look into the rice producing countries of the world
we will fi nd that about two-third of rice production is in China
and India.
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