Agriculture Reference
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play a role in conferring tolerance in plant cells under low
temperature. Cold acclimatization-induced accumulation of
cold regulated (COR) proteins, having structural similarity
with LEA proteins have a highly hydrophilic feature and
remain soluble and stable. LEA proteins have simple and a
few amino acids especially hydrophilic proteins and share the
unique property of heat stability. Hence, COR and LEA proteins
induced by cold is important for the better performance of the
crop.
Studies indicated that protein accumulation is related to
grain fi lling process and protein concentration, which were
regulated by environmental factors, such as water conditions,
nitrogen application, temperature stress, etc. Plant growth
regulators determine the level of proteins, which respond
differently to the environmental stimuli (Bano et al. 1993,
Jackson et al. 1988). Numerous studies proved that changes in
endogenous hormone contents affected grain fi lling process
and protein concentration under different cultivation practices
(Majid et al. 2011). Grain fi lling process was closely associated
with the changes in hormone levels (Yang et al. 2003). The
increase in ABA contents at the end of grain fi lling and its rapid
fall during maturation have leads to an assumption that ABA
plays an important role in dry matter accumulation, GA 3 have
been proved to be an important phytohormone that regulates
the duration of grain fi lling (Zhang et al. 2009).
Plant hormones are considered as key regulators to
seed development. Morris et al. (1993) reported that zeatin
in developing rice grains showed large transient increases
following pollination, which coincided with the period of
seed setting and maximum endosperm cell division. There are
many reports that auxins, gibberellins, and abscisic acid are
also involved in regulating grain development (Hansen and
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