Environmental Engineering Reference
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[1] DOE is also responsible for energy efficiency programs, which are integral
to addressing future energy challenges by reducing demand.
[2] Summing of tax expenditure estimates does not take into account
interactions between individual provisions.
[3] The alternative fuels production credit, the largest energy-related tax credit,
is a tax credit of $3 per oil equivalent barrel (in 1979 dollars) for gas
produced from biomass or synthetic fuels produced from coal.
[4] See Pub. L. No. 110-5 (2007).
[5] This direction appears in an explanatory statement to Pub. L. No. 110-161
(2007), published by the House of Representatives.
[6] Pub. L. No. 110-140 (2007).
[7] GAO, Department of Energy: Key Challenges Remain for Developing and
Deploying Advanced Energy Technologies to Meet Future Needs , GAO-07-
106 , (Washington, D.C.: Dec. 20, 2006).
[8] GAO, Department of Energy: Oil and Natural Gas Research and
Development Activities, GAO-08-190R , (Washington, D.C.,: Nov. 6, 2007)
and GAO, Hydrogen Fuel Initiative: DOE Has Made Important Progress
and Involved Stakeholders but Needs to Update What It Expects to Achieve
by Its 2015 Target, GAO-08-305 , (Washington, D.C.: Jan. 11, 2008).
[9] Biodiesel, electricity from batteries, and other technologies also contribute
to the displacement of oil. DOE's R and D efforts also include, among other
things, liquid fuels from biomass and plug-in hybrid vehicles.
[10] See GAO, Biofuels: DOE Lacks a Strategic Approach to Coordinate
Increasing Production with Infrastructure Development and Vehicle Needs ,
GAO-07-713 , (Washington, D.C.: June 8, 2007).
[11] DOE continues to perform R and D on off-shore wind technologies as well.
[12] In addition, the Energy Policy Act of 2005 provided for commercialization
of exploration and production technologies for ultra-deepwater and
unconventional natural gas and other petroleum through fiscal year 2014
and authorized the use of $50 million per year from federal oil and gas lease
income for 11 years.
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