Digital Signal Processing Reference
In-Depth Information
Bus 1
Under-
ground
Bus 2
Fare system 1
Fare system 2
Fare system 3
Entrance, change of vehicle, final station
Read/write to contactless cards
Figure 13.4
Use of the different tariff systems in a journey by public transport. The journey
shown involves two changes between the underground and bus network. The number of times
the smart card is read depends upon the fare system used
Figure 13.5
Use of a contactless smart card in Seoul. A contactless terminal is shown in com-
munication with a contactless smart card in the centre of the picture (reproduced by permission
of Intec)
The card can be used on all 453 lines and recharged at identified kiosks as required.
The transport association, Seoul Bus Union, is made up of 89 individual operator
companies with a total of over 8700 buses, which were all equipped with contactless
terminals by the middle of 1996. When the Kyung-Ki province that surrounds the cap-
ital city was included in the scheme, a further 4000 buses and a total of 3500 charging
points were fitted with terminals by 1997 (Droschl, 1997). The RFID technology used
in this project is the MIFARE
system (inductively coupled, 10 cm, 13.56MHz), which
is very popular in public transport applications.
It is predicted that four million Bus Cards will be in circulation by the end of 1997.
The huge success of this system has convinced the government of Seoul to introduce
a compatible system for the underground railway system.
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