Frequency Ranges and Radio Licensing Regulations - RFID: Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards and Identification - page 166

•

Miniaturised transponder formats are possible (animal ID) due to the use of ferrite
coils in the transponder.

• Low absorption rate or high penetration depth in non-metallic materials and water

(the high penetration depth is exploited in animal identification by the use of the
bolus, a transponder placed in the rumen).

6.78MHz

Can be used for low cost and medium speed transponders.

• Worldwide ISM frequency according to ITU frequency plan; however, this is not

used in some countries (i.e. licence may not be used worldwide).

• Available power is a little greater than that for 13.56MHz.

• Only half the clock frequency of that for 13.56MHz.

13.56MHz

Can be used for high speed/high end and medium speed/low end

applications.

• Available worldwide as an ISM frequency.

•

Fast data transmission (typically 106 kbits/s).

• High clock frequency, so cryptological functions or a microprocessor can be

realised.

• Parallel capacitors for transponder coil (resonance matching) can be realised on-

chip.

27.125MHz

Only for special applications (e.g. Eurobalise)

• Not a worldwide ISM frequency.

• Large bandwidth, thus very fast data transmission (typically 424 kbits/s)

• High clock frequency, thus cryptological functions or a microprocessor can be

realised.

• Parallel capacitors for transponder coil (resonance matching) can be realised on-

chip.

• Available power somewhat lower than for 13.56MHz.

• Only suitable for small ranges.

5.2 European Licensing Regulations

5.2.1 CEPT/ERC REC 70-03

This new CEPT harmonisation document entitled 'ERC Recommendation 70-03 relat-
ingtotheuseof short range devices (SRD)' (ERC, 2002) that serves as the basis for
new national regulations in all 44 member states of CEPT has been available since