Frequency Ranges and Radio Licensing Regulations - RFID: Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards and Identification - page 160

frequency range permit the radio services that occupy this range to reach areas within
a radius of over 1000 km continuously at a low technical cost. Typical radio services in
this frequency range are aeronautical and marine navigational radio services (LORAN
C, OMEGA, DECCA), time signal services, and standard frequency services, plus
military radio services. Thus, in central Europe the time signal transmitter DCF 77 in
Mainflingen can be found at around the frequency 77.5 kHz. An RFID system operating
at this frequency would therefore cause the failure of all radio clocks within a radius
of several hundred metres around a reader.
In order to prevent such collisions, the future Licensing Act for Inductive Radio
Systems in Europe, 220 ZV 122, will define a protected zone of between 70 and
119 kHz, which will no longer be allocated to RFID systems.
The radio services permitted to operate within this frequency range in Germany
(source: BAPT 1997) are shown in Table 5.1.
Wire-bound carrier systems also operate at the frequencies 100 kHz, 115 kHz and
130 kHz. These include, for example, intercom systems that use the 220 V supply main
as a transmission medium.

5.1.2 Frequency range 6.78 MHz

The range 6.765-6.795MHz belongs to the short wave frequencies . The propagation
conditions in this frequency range only permit short ranges of up to a few 100 km in
the daytime. During the night-time hours, transcontinental propagation is possible. This
frequency range is used by a wide range of radio services, for example broadcasting,
weather and aeronautical radio services and press agencies.
This range has not yet been passed as an ISM range in Germany, but has been
designated an ISM band by the international ITU and is being used to an increasing
degree by RFID systems (in France, among other countries). CEPT/ERC and ETSI
designate this range as a harmonised frequency in the CEPT/ERC 70-03 regulation
(see Section 5.2.1).

5.1.3 Frequency range 13.56 MHz

The range 13.553-13.567MHz is located in the middle of the short wavelength range.
The propagation conditions in this frequency range permit transcontinental connections
throughout the day. This frequency range is used by a wide variety of radio services
(Siebel, 1983), for example press agencies and telecommunications (PTP).
Other ISM applications that operate in this frequency range, in addition to induc-
tive radio systems (RFID), are remote control systems, remote controlled models,
demonstration radio equipment and pagers.

5.1.4 Frequency range 27.125 MHz

The frequency range 26.565-27.405 is allocated to CB radio across the entire European
continent as well as in the USA and Canada. Unregistered and non-chargeable radio