Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
80
80
80
80
Hamburg
Hamburg
Braunschweig
Braunschweig
70
70
70
70
60
60
60
60
50
50
50
50
40
40
40
40
30
30
30
30
Maximum value
Standard deviation
Mean value
Standard deviation
Minimum value
Maximum value
Standard deviation
Mean value
Standard deviation
Minimum value
Maximum value
Standard deviation
Mean value
Standard deviation
Minimum value
Maximum value
Standard deviation
Mean value
Standard deviation
Minimum value
20
20
20
20
10
10
10
10
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
Time in months
Time in months
Time in months
Time in months
80
80
80
80
Würzburg
Würzburg
Hohen-
peißenberg
Hohen-
peißenberg
70
70
70
70
60
60
60
60
50
50
50
50
40
40
40
40
30
30
30
30
Maximum value
Standard deviation
Mean value
Standard deviation
Minimum value
Maximum value
Standard deviation
Mean value
Standard deviation
Minimum value
Maximum value
Standard deviation
Mean value
Standard deviation
Minimum value
Maximum value
Standard deviation
Mean value
Standard deviation
Minimum value
20
20
20
20
10
10
10
10
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
Fig. 2.16 Monthly mean global radiation totals exemplarily at four sites in Germany (data
captured between 1961 and 1998, data see /2-12/)
Time in months
Time in months
Time in months
Time in months
600
600
Norderney
Hohen-
June
September
June
September
550
550
peißen-
berg
500
500
December
December
450
450
400
400
350
350
300
300
250
250
200
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
0
0
0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4
0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4
Time in hours (True Local Time)
Time in hours (True Local Time)
Fig. 2.17 Mean daily course of solar radiation (data see /2-12/)
The typical annual course, as well as, the different daily courses in spring,
summer, autumn and winter are, to a large extent, a result of the oblique inclina-
tion of the earth's rotation axis towards the sun (approximately 23.5° deviation
from the vertical, Fig. 2.2). This causes the mean solar position above the horizon
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