Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
16%
15%
14%
Heber/California Second
Imperial Field
13%
12%
11%
Nagqu/China
10%
Wabuska/
Nevada
Mammoth/California
9%
8%
Altheim/
Austria
7%
Takigami/Japan
6%
Wendel/
California
Bad Blumau/
Austria
5%
4%
3%
Birdsville/Australia
2%
1%
referred to 80 °C injection temperature
0%
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Thermal water temperature in °C
Fig. 10.19 Efficiencies of existing ORC systems (Organic Rankine Cycle)
Kalina Cycle. Similar to the ORC process, for the Kalina process a working fluid
is used that circulates within a cycle isolated from the geothermal fluid. But here a
mixture of ammonia and water serves as working fluid. Fig. 10.20 illustrates the
simplest version of this cycle.
Kühlturm
Cooling
tower
Turbine
Separator
Separator
G
Generator
Verdampfer
Evaporat or
Condenser
Kondensator
Grobfilter
Feinfilter
Filter
Filter
Organisches Arbeitsmittel
NH3
arme Lösung
reiche Lösung
Production well
Injection well
Förderbohrung
Injektionsbohrung
Fig. 10.20 Simplified schematic diagram of a geothermal power production facility operat-
ing according to Kalina cycle
The working fluid, composed of a mixture of two components, is preheated and
evaporated by the geothermal fluid inside a heat exchanger acting as an evapora-
tor. The different boiling points of the two compounds within the working fluid
allow for a smooth transition to the evaporation temperature. An ammonia-rich
Search WWH ::




Custom Search