Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
listed separately in Table 9.8 and 9.9. The electricity price for heat pumps is esti-
mated at 0.15 €/kWh compared to 0.19 €/kWh being the normal electricity price.
Ground-coupled heat pump systems have the lowest variable costs. The ambi-
ent air heat pump systems have higher energy or electricity costs due to their
lower SPF. Groundwater-coupled heat pump systems carry significantly higher
operation costs (excluding electricity) than ground-coupled heat pumps. These
higher costs also result from the heat source system.
Heat generation costs.
With an interest rate of 4.5 % and an amortisation period
over the technical life, the heat generation costs that are also presented in Table
9.8 and 9.9 can be calculated - on an annuity basis (see Chapter 1) - for the
reference systems defined in Table 9.7. For the heat source systems 20 years are
assumed, for the heat pump, the domestic hot water generation and the heat stor-
age 15 years and for the building components 50 years are assumed as the techni-
cal system life.
Depending on the size of the system and the annual working rate (Table 9.8
and 9.9) the heat generation costs - in line with the installed power - are between
19.4 and 55.3 €/GJ. Systems using ambient air show the highest heat generation
costs, systems with vertical ground probes an average amount and systems with
horizontal ground collectors and direct evaporation are characterized by the low-
est heat generation costs. This becomes also obvious in Fig. 9.22. It shows a com-
parison of heat generation costs of the analysed variations according to Table 9.8
and 9.9.
60
GD
GB
GP
GW
AW
AWO
50
40
30
20
10
0
SFH-I
SFH-II
SFH-III
MFH
Fig. 9.22
Comparison between the heat generation costs (see Table 9.8 and 9.9; AWO am-
bient air heat pump without air preheating; AW ambient air with air preheating; GB
ground-coupled heat pump with horizontal ground collector brine; GD ground-coupled heat
pump with direct evaporation; GP heat pump with vertical ground probe; GW heat pump
with groundwater; SFH-I single family house I; SFH-II single family house II, SFH-III sin-
gle family house III; MFH multi family house; see Table 9.7)
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