Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
true for the heat pump aggregate including domestic hot water generation. In con-
trast to that, the heat source systems show a slight decrease of costs, with the ex-
ception of groundwater utilisation as a heat source. Thus specific investment costs
of the analysed brine/water and water/water heat pumps are between 220 and
1,000 €/kW. The costs for heat pumps of direct evaporation systems are slightly
lower. For heat source installations, costs for systems with vertical ground probes
are between 540 and 600 €/kW, for systems with groundwater utilisation between
240 and 600 €/kW and with horizontal ground collectors using brine or direct
evaporation between 240 and 300 €/kW. If rammed wells are used instead of the
assumed boring wells, the costs can be reduced significantly, especially for
smaller systems. For rammed wells, the investment costs for the entire heat source
system of the analysed systems are at around 3,000 € for an 8 kW installation, at
approximately 4,000 € for an 18 kW installation or at 13,000 € for a 60 kW
installation (Table 9.8 and 9.9).
Table 9.8
Investment and operation costs plus heat generation costs of heat pump systems
for the generation of domestic hot water and space heating for the reference configurations
SFH-I and SFH-II (Table 9.7)
System
SFH-I
m
SFH-II
n
AWO
a
AW
b
GB
c
GD
d
AWO
a
AW
b
GB
c
GD
d
GP
e
GW
f
Heat source
Seasonal perfor-
mance factor (SPF)
g
2.17
2.40
3.43
3.76
2.37
2.65
3.65
4.00
3.59
3.95
Investments
Heat source in €
Heat pump in €
Hot water
h
in €
Other
i
in €
Total in €
O&M costs
j
in €/a
Electr. costs
k
in €/a
0
6,662
1,671
1,514
9,847
197
628
2,725
6,056
1,671
1,514
11,966
212
568
1,514
4,966
1,671
1,575
9,726
172
397
1,514
4,542
1,671
1,696
9,423
166
362
0
8,660
1,671
1,514
11,845
237
979
3,028
7,500
1,671
1,514
13,713
243
876
2,267
6,056
1,671
1,514
11,508
196
636
2,267
5,450
1,671
1,635
11,023
187
580
4,845
6,056
1,671
2,120
14,692
221
646
4,784
5,753
1,671
3,149
15,357
307
588
Heat gener. costs
l
in €/GJ
in €/kWh
40.6
0.146
a
Ambient air heat pump without air preheating;
b
ambient air heat pump with air preheating;
c
heat pump
with horizontal ground collector brine;
d
ground coupled heat pump with direct evaporation;
e
heat pump with
ground probe;
f
heat pump with groundwater;
g
for domestic hot water generation and space heating;
h
domestic hot water storage and connection to the heat pump;
i
e.g. costs for the heater room, hydrological
licensing according to the local water legislation plus mounting and installation;
j
operating and maintenance
costs without electrical energy costs for e.g. drive of the heat pump compressor, control, brine circulation
pump, etc.;
k
costs of electrical energy e.g. for driving the heat pump compressor;
l
annuity calculation at an
interest rate of 4.5 % and an amortisation period over the technical system life (heat source systems 20 years,
heat pumps, domestic hot water generation and heat storage 15 years and building components 50 years);
m
single family house (SFH-I) in low-energy design;
n
single family house (SFH-II) according to current heat
insulation standard; for the definition of SFH-I and SFH-II see Table 1.1 and Chapter 1.3 respectively.
53.0
0.191
55.3
0.199
43.9
0.158
41.8
0.150
41.4
0.149
41.1
0.148
33.3
0.120
31.3
0.113
38.5
0.139
With 1,500 to 2,400 €/kW specific investment costs for ambient air heat pump
combined systems are higher than the overall costs of comparable ground-coupled
systems.
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