Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
stantly, even if only heat is withdrawn (i.e. system exclusively for heating pur-
poses). The withdrawn heat is balanced with the ambient heat flow (Fig. 9.21)).
Overall, this shows that a lasting heat supply can be provided by ground probes
if the design is correct (e.g. in line with the German VDI 4640). Especially given
a large number of systems in limited spaces, a suitable probe length and - in an
extreme case - artificial heat supply during the summer have to be used.
40 m
0 K
0 K
20 m
5 m
-2 K
-2 K
-4 K
-4 K
-6 K
-6 K
-8 K
-8 K
0.3 m
1986/87
1996/97
2006/07
2016/17
2036/37
2026/27
Operation simulated
Measured
Simlation after end of operation
Heating season (years)
Fig. 9.21
Measured and simulated variations of subsoil temperature (cooling down com-
pared to temperatures not manipulated) at a depth of 50 m and at different distances from
the ground probe during 30 years of operation and 25 years of rest after terminating opera-
tion /9-19/
9.3
Economic and environmental analysis
In the following, the costs and selected environmental effects for selected heat
pump systems with technical parameters reflecting the current market spectrum
will be analysed.
9.3.1
Economic analysis
In Central Europe, heat pumps for space heating and domestic hot water genera-
tion are mainly built as monovalent compression heat pumps driven by an electric
motor. The following analyses will deal with systems that can cover various sup-
ply tasks (three single family houses with different types of insulation (SFH) and
one multi-family house (MFH); see Chapter 1.3) - in each case with a different
heat demand (Table 9.7). For that reason, system configurations of heat pump sys-
tems with direct evaporation, a brine circuit with a horizontal or a vertical heat
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