Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
costs are reduced to around 460 €/m
2
of collector area due to decreasing collector
costs and proportionally less piping.
Currently, total costs of approximately 450 €/m
2
for systems of up to 150 m
2
and approximately 350 €/m
2
of collector area for systems of more than 500 m
2
can
be assumed (Table 4.7, reference system DH, including credit for storage and
tiles) for solar-supported district heating systems for space and domestic hot water
heating /4-4/. These costs include the solar thermal part consisting of collectors,
collector circuit and the storage. Degrees of solar fractional savings can be be-
tween a few and 15 % when integrating a short-term storage. The pro rata invest-
ment costs of the district heating network (investment costs weighed with the
solar fractional saving) are approximately 60 %.
Table 4.7
Investment and maintenance costs plus specific heat generation costs for the
analysed solar thermal reference systems (for technical data see Table 4.6)
System
a
SFH-I
SFH-II
SFH-III
MFH
DH-I
in m
2
In GJ/a
Collector area
Useful solar heat
25
14.4
25
17.4
7,4
6.7
60
70.7
620
610/490
Investments
collector
storage
b
control
installation, small parts
c
Subtotal
in €
in €
in €
in €
In €
6,100
3,400
400
3,700
13,600
6,100
3,400
400
3,700
13,600
2,600
1,000
300
1,300
5,200
13,430
3,400
610
13,100
30,540
132,500
24,000
6,500
54,000
217,000
credit tiles
d
credit storage
e
overall solar system
in €
in €
in €
in €/m
2
-200
-750
12,650
500
-200
-750
12,650
500
-730
-2,200
27,600
460
-6,500
-750
4,440
600
151,500
250
District heating network
Solar share of DH
Heat transfer station (DH)
in €
in €
in €
1,360,000
84,200
6,000
Operating costs
f
in €/a
220
230
86
540
3,500 / 4,800
Total annual costs
g
19,600 / 27,900
h
in €/a
1,200
1,200
430
2700
32.2 / 45.8
h
0.12 / 0.16
h
Heat generation costs
in €/GJ
in €/kWh
82.8
0.30
68.9
0.25
63.8
0.23
37.7
0.14
31.5 / 44.8
h
0.11 / 0.16
h
a
systems SFH-I, SFH-II, MFH and DH-I with solar-supported space heating and domestic water heating,
system SFH-III exclusively for solar-supported domestic water heating;
b
solar storage according to Table
4.6;
c
including piping and insulation;
d
SFH-I, SFH-II, MFH and DH-I are roof-integrated systems, SFH-III
is a system installed on the roof without tile credit;
e
costs domestic hot water storage without solar system;
f
at an interest rate of 4.5 % and an amortisation period over the technical life-time of the system;
g
operation
and maintenance;
h
solar system of the district heating network without/with pro rata costs for the network
and the heat transfer station.
Equivalent fuel costs
in €/GJ
in €/kWh
66.2
0.24
55.1
0.20
51.0
0.18
37.0
0.13
Operation costs.
During normal operation of a solar thermal system, maintenance
costs only occur for the exchange of the heat transfer medium and for small re-
pairs (e.g. exchange of seals). The operation of the solar thermal system also re-
quires auxiliary energy as the heat transfer medium is normally pumped through
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