Planning Multifunctional Measures for Efficient Landscape Management: Quantifying and Comparing the Added Value of Integrated and Segregated Management Concepts - Landscape Ecology for Sustainable Environment and Culture - page 248

13.3.3 Selecting Appropriate Implementation Measures
and Estimating Their General Effects on Achieving
Environmental Quality Objectives
13.3.3.1 Selecting Appropriate Measures
A range of suitable implementation measures with different effects and average
implementation costs have been identified. The measures were selected from a
catalog of possible measures that best conserve the respective landscape functions
(Table 13.2 ). They can be grouped into classes according to their requirements for
land use: (1) Measures that may be integrated into current land uses. These measures
allow for a continuation of the current land use type or require only slight adaptation
of existing practices; (2) measures that require abandoning, reducing or radically
changing the land use e.g. to initiate natural dynamics or conservation measures that
cannot be integrated into existing land uses and instead, require public land own-
ership for their implementation; (3) conservation measures for maintaining the status
quo of a biotope where land use is already strongly restricted (biotope maintenance
measures, especially for cultural biotopes).
The selection of alternative measures followed general decision guidelines. For
soil erosion prevention these are: (1) If possible, employ a combination of land use-
integrated measures (e.g. catch crops or undersown, non-plough tillage) and linear
measures that affect slope length, wind velocity and surface runoff (e.g. hedges, field
margins). (2) Aim for designating measures that involve as little extra management
effort as possible. (3) Recommend a change of cropland areas within floodplains into
grassland or forest because these areas are prone to erosion during floods. Decision
guidelines for water quality conservation are: (1) Selecting measures that yield high
N-reduction (minimum limit 20 kg N/ha*a) and high cost-effectiveness (maximum
limit 3.50 €/kg). They were selected from the catalog of suitable water quality
conservation measures provided by Osterburg and Runge ( 2007 ). (2) Prefer
choosing measures that allow for the continuation of current land uses (e.g. con-
tinuation as cropland/as grassland) in order to exert only minimal effects on culti-
vation. (3) Enabling for combining measures on one site to increase effects, e.g.
through targeting different aspects of crop rotation, or through addressing different
phases of cultivation (e.g. implementing measures during the vegetation period or in
winter). However, the measures selected for climate change mitigation and safe-
guarding biodiversity must not be understood as alternative measures. Instead, these
measures listed in Table 13.2 are recommended for specific sites.
13.3.3.2 Estimating General Multifunctional Effects and Conflicts
of Measures
The general effects of measures are estimated using the indicators described in
Sect. 13.3.2.2 . An overview of the estimates is given in Table 13.2 .