Planning Multifunctional Measures for Efficient Landscape Management: Quantifying and Comparing the Added Value of Integrated and Segregated Management Concepts - Landscape Ecology for Sustainable Environment and Culture - page 241

definition stresses the normative character of the functions which we examine. As
such, our definition of landscape functions differs from a prevailing understanding
of ecosystem functions in the ecosystem services literature, which often restricts
functions to 'operations' and processes in ecosystems (Fisher et al. 2009 ; Costanza
et al. 1997 ).
Multifunctional effects of measures can be assessed with respect to the effec-
tiveness and the efficiency of measures. The effectiveness of a measure describes
the degree to which it contributes to improving one or multiple landscape func-
tions. Efficiency means the ratio of achieved effects in relation to the costs of
implementation.
Landscape multifunctionality as well as multifunctional effects on landscape
functions must be considered in landscape planning and management in order to
sustain the capacity of landscape to provide ecosystem services (OECD 2001 ;
Willemen et al. 2008 ; De Groot and Hein 2007 ). Research has been conducted
about landscape functions and landscape multifunctionality (e.g. Willemen et al.
2008 ; Potschin and Haines-Young 2006 ; Dijst et al. 2005 ; Helming and Wiggering
2003 ; Mander et al. 2007 ). Furthermore, the need to quantitatively investigate
multifunctional effects has been identified (Osterburg and Runge 2007 ). However,
until now very little empirical evidence exists about: (1) The dimension of mul-
tifunctional effects in different landscapes. For example, Rüter ( 2008 ) quantified
multifunctional effects of landscape structures on species connectivity and water
retention. (2) The preconditions of structural synergies among different landscape
functions (e.g. von Haaren et al. 2011 ), or (3) methods for systematically gener-
ating and allocating multifunctional measures.

13.2 Research Objectives

The objective of this research is to develop and test a method for investigating and
comparing the effectiveness and efficiency of sectoral and integrative landscape
management strategies. The hypothesis is that integrative management strategies,
are more effective and efficient than sectoral strategies. A case study is used to test
a procedure for an integrative planning process that systematically identifies
options for multifunctional measures, optimizes multifunctional effects and

quantifies the added value.
The results of the analysis are expected to provide support for the consideration
of multifunctionality in planning and implementation practice. Furthermore, they
should form the basis for further research about approaches for integrating mul-
tifunctional landscape management into environmental and land use planning as
well as in the design of Agri-Environmental Funding schemes and 'Payments for
Ecosystem-Services' approaches.