Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
hol - and high-kilojoule, easily digestible food. Do not rub victims: allow them to slowly
warm themselves instead. This should be enough to treat the early stages of hypothermia.
The early recognition and treatment of mild hypothermia is the only way to prevent severe
hypothermia, which is a critical condition.
INSECT BITES & STINGS
Mosquitoes might not always carry malaria or dengue fever, but they (and other insects)
can cause irritation and infected bites. To avoid these, take the same precautions as you
would for avoiding malaria (see boxed text,
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)
. Bee and wasp stings cause real
problems only to those who have a severe allergy to the stings (anaphylaxis), in which case,
carry an adrenaline (epinephrine) injection.
Scorpions are found in arid areas. They can cause a painful bite that is sometimes life-
threatening. If bitten by a scorpion, seek immediate medical assistance.
Bed bugs are often found in hostels and cheap hotels. They lead to very itchy, lumpy
bites. Spraying the mattress with crawling insect killer after changing the bedding will get
rid of them.
Scabies is also frequently found in cheap accommodation. These tiny mites live in the
skin, particularly between the fingers. They cause an intensely itchy rash. The itch is eas-
ily treated with Malathion and permethrin lotion from a pharmacy; other members of the
household also need to be treated to avoid spreading scabies, even if they do not show any
symptoms.
SNAKE BITES
Basically, avoid getting bitten! Don't walk barefoot or stick your hand into holes or cracks.
However, 50% of those bitten by venomous snakes are not actually injected with pois-
on (envenomed). If bitten by a snake, do not panic. Immobilise the bitten limb with a
splint (such as a stick) and apply a bandage over the site, with firm pressure - similar to
bandaging a sprain. Do not apply a tourniquet, or cut or suck the bite. Get medical help as
soon as possible so an antivenin can be given if needed. Try to note the snake's appearance
to help in treatment.