Design of Insulin Variants for Improved Treatment of Diabetes - Peptide and Protein Design for Biopharmaceutical Applications - page 279

[99] S. R. Myers, F.E. Yakubu-Madus, W. T. Johnson, J. E. Baker, T. S. Cusick,
V. K. Williams, F. C. Tinsley, A. Kriauciunas, J. Manetta and V. J. Chen,
Acylation of human insulin with palmitic acid extends the time action of human
insulin in diabetic dogs, Diabetes , 46, 637-642 (1997).
[100] J. Radziuk, S. Pye, B. Bradley, J. Braaten, L. Vignati, P. Roach, R. Bowsher,
R. Dimarchi and R. Chance, Basal activity profiles of NPH and [Nepsilon-palmitoyl
Lys (B29)] human insulins in subjects with IDDM, Diabetologia , 41, 116-120 (1998).
[101] J. H. Bradbury and L. R. Brown, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies
of the amino groups of insulin, Eur. J. Biochem ., 76, 573-582 (1977).
[102] V. K. Naithani and H. G. Gattner, Preparation and properties of citraconylinsulins,
Hoppe-Seyler Zeit. Phys. Chem ., 363, 1443-1448 (1982).
[103] G. A. Brunner, G. Sendlhofer, A. Wutte, M. Ellmerer, B. Sogaard, A. Siebenhofer,
S. Hirschberger, G. J. Krejs and T. R. Pieber, Pharmacokinetic and pharmacody-
namic properties of long-acting insulin analogue NN304 in comparison to NPH
insulin in humans, Exper. Clin. Endocrin. Diab ., 108, 100-105 (2000).
[104] T. Heise and T. R. Pieber, Towards peakless, reproducible and long-acting insulins.
An assessment of the basal analogues based on isoglycaemic clamp studies, Diab.
Obes. Metab ., 9, 648-659 (2007).
[105] M. K. Dea, M. Hamilton-Wessler, M. Ader, D. Moore, L. Schaffer, M. Loftager,
A. Volund and R. N. Bergman, Albumin binding of acylated insulin (NN304) does
not deter action to stimulate glucose uptake, Diabetes , 51, 762-769 (2002).
[106] M. S. Dennis, M. Zhang, Y. G. Meng, M. Kadkhodayan, D. Kirchhofer, D. Combs
and L. A. Damico, Albumin binding as a general strategy for improving the phar-
macokinetics of proteins, J. Biol. Chem ., 277, 35035-35043 (2002).
[107] M. Hamilton-Wessler, M. Ader, M. Dea, D. Moore, P. N. Jorgensen, J. Markussen
and R. N. Bergman, Mechanism of protracted metabolic effects of fatty acid
acylated insulin, NN304, in dogs: Retention of NN304 by albumin, Diabetologia ,
42, 1254-1263 (1999).
[108] T. Kjeldsen, P. Kurtzhals, A. F. Pettersson, L. Drube, S. Havelund, I. Jonassen and
J. Markussen, Localization of albumin-binding site(s) for NN304, Diabetologia ,
40, 1377 (1997).
[109] S. Havelund, A. Plum, U. Ribel, I. Jonassen, A. Vølund, J. Markussen and
P. Kurtzhals, The mechanism of protraction of insulin detemir, a long-acting,
acylated analog of human insulin, Pharm Res , 21, 1498-1504 (2004).
[110] J. L. Whittingham, S. Havelund and I. Jonassen, Crystal structure of a prolonged-
acting insulin with albumin-binding properties, Biochemistry , 36, 2826-2831 (1997).
[111] T. Heise, L. Nosek, B. B. Ronn, L. Endahl, L. Heinemann, C. Kapitza and
E. Draeger, Lower within-subject variability of insulin detemir in comparison to
NPH insulin and insulin glargine in people with type 1 diabetes, Diabetes , 53,
1614-1620 (2004).
[112] O. Klein, Albumin-bound basal insulin analogues (insulin detemir and NN344):
comparable time-action profiles but less variability than insulin glargine in type 2
diabetes, Diab. Obes. Metab ., 9, 290-299 (2007).
[113] P. Home, P. Bartley, D. Russell-Jones, H. Hanaire-Broutin, J. E. Heeg, P. Abrams,
M. Landin-Olsson, B. Hylleberg, H. Lang, E. Draeger and
t.E.t.A.o.D.I.E.S.a.S.S.S.G.-Study, Insulin detemir offers improved glycemic control
compared with NPH insulin in people with type 1 diabetes: A randomized clinical
trial, Diabetes Care , 27, 1081-1087 (2004).