Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
gorgeous old building, constructed by working people under the feudal yoke,
obtained a new signifi cance as it was designed to be one of the patterns on the national
emblem of the People's Republic of China, which symbolized the rebirth of an
ancient civilization. In spite of this, the old red walls were still there hindering the
common people from going into the Square for their various social, recreational or
political activities. Therefore, it was of practical necessity to transform the Square.
In order to celebrate the tenth anniversary of New China, Tian An Men Square underwent
massive transformation. The old red walls were completely demolished and the
Square itself was thereby expanded. Two grand structures were built. They were, on
the east the Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of Chinese Revolution, and
on the west the Great Hall of the People, which stands for the power of the Chinese
people. In the middle of the Square, a monument in memorial of the heroes of the
people was erected. Thus on the same old location, Tian An Men Square showed its
new face and new signifi cance. Here the old concept of “the Almighty Sovereign”
was totally eradicated, and in its place the new concept of “the Almighty People” was
expressed. The basic layout of the Square was set, although there was much to be
improved. All those who have visited Tian An Men Square could grasp the concept
of a new era embodied in the Square that is situated on the original axis of the city.
Hence, the transformation should be considered successful (see Figs.
4.2
and
4.3
).
In addition to this, the East and West Chang'an Avenues were broadened and
prolonged and so became a major horizontal axis from west to east across the city.
This horizontal axis, to a certain extent, neutralized the dominating effect of the
original perpendicular axis from north to south. Meanwhile, it also broadened the
fi eld of perception. The Forbidden City, which had always been the focal point of
the capital, has now become “the backyard” and support to Tian An Men Square. Its
present function as the “Palace Museum” is more appropriately represented. The
objective effects mentioned above can clearly be seen on the surface plan of Beijing.
Its characteristics as the political centre for China are fully expressed by this trans-
formation of Tian An Men Square (Fig.
4.4
).
So much for the discussion of the plan and design of Old Beijing and its future
development and transformation. Let us now turn to an exploration of the design
and plan of the city of Washington. Comparisons will be made between Beijing and
Washington in the discussion.
4.3
The City of Washington
4.3.1
Choice of the Site and the Original Design of the City
Early in 1791 (the 56th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong), the site of
Washington was decided and the planning began, and it was only 8 years after the
announcement of Declaration of Independence. From the very beginning the issue of
choosing a permanent seat of government had aroused much controversy and the
decision was diffi cult to make, so it was long delayed. Finally, the Congress authorized
