Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 9.3.
Windkessel terminals corresponding to each arterial segment (for numbers see Ta-
ble 9.2)
Terminal
R
c
R
a
C
a
Terminal
R
c
R
a
C
a
dyn s
cm
2
ml
ml cm
2
dyn
dyn s
cm
2
ml
ml cm
2
dyn
125,128
62781.6
251356
1.00E-006
30,38
84015.4
198562
1.00E-006
126,127
31792.6
127400
1.00E-006
29,39
126252
506156
0.00E+000
121,122
21693
86769.2
2.00E-006
27,41
84015.4
198562
1.00E-006
105,106
12280.8
49008.4
4.00E-006
58,70
35120.4
140280
1.00E-006
90,91
15724.8
62781.6
3.00E-006
72,78
252504
1007720
0.00E+000
83
31103.8
125104
2.00E-006
80,86
370720
1480640
0.00E+000
64
3971.8
15839.6
1.20E-005
97,100
33055.4
131990.6
1.00E-006
66
3329.2
13314
1.40E-005
96,101
159530
635852
0.00E+000
67
3971.8
15839.6
1.20E-005
103,108
22265.6
89065.2
2.00E-006
61
23758
94918.6
2.00E-006
33,35
44303
176750
1.00E-006
62
8608.6
34433
5.00E-006
48,51
62666.8
250208
1.00E-006
63
6851.6
27431.6
7.00E-006
47,52
51189.6
204302
1.00E-006
9,13
22037.4
88032
2.00E-006
46,53
92163.4
368424
1.00E-006
7,15
89409.6
358092
1.00E-006
43,56
22265.6
88950.4
2.00E-006
19,23
89409.6
358092
1.00E-006
45,54
31448.2
126252
1.00E-006
18,24
20774.6
83326.6
2.00E-006
74,76
62666.8
250208
1.00E-006
16,26
89409.6
358092
1.00E-006
73,77
92163.4
368424
1.00E-006
at the venules. Therefore, it is
P
wub
,
k
k
=
1
,...,
N
wub
,
P
w
,
k
=
(9.63)
P
wlb
,
k
k
=
1
,...,
N
wlb
,
where
P
wub
,
k
and
P
wlb
,
k
are the pressures at the venules in the upper and lower body
parts, respectively.
The values adopted for the parameters
R
c
,
R
a
and
C
a
used in the Windkessel ter-
minals are given in Table 9.3.
9.4.5 0D model of the venous and pulmonary circulation.
The models to simulate the blood flow through the venules, veins, superior and in-
ferior vena cava and also the pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins, are mathe-
matically formulated in terms of an electric analog model. A single compartment is
shown in Fig. 9.6 in which
R
and
L
denote the resistance and inertance of the circuit,
respectively;
C
is the compliance of the compartment,
P
i
and
P
o
are the pressures at
the input and output of the compartment,
P
ex
is the external pressure which can also
be a function of time and, finally,
Q
i
and
Q
o
are the blood inflow and outflow of the
compartment.
