Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Beginning with energetics, the thermal bath in the environment surrounding the
ribosome contains enough energy to move the tRNAs through the ribosome. In the
case of factor-free translation, the only chemical reaction occurring is the peptidyl
transferase reaction. Thermal fluctuations provide the energy to overcome enthalpic
and entropic barriers involved in moving the aminoacyl-tRNA from solution to the
accommodated A/A position. Once the peptidyl transferase reaction is complete,
the system reaches the point of no return, where thermal fluctuations move the
deacylated tRNA through the hybrid state to the exit site. The structure of the ribo-
some carefully controls this movement allowing the new peptidyl-tRNA to move by
exactly one codon. Finally thermal fluctuations allow the deacylated tRNA to exit
the ribosome to its entropically favorable state—in solution away from the ribo-
some. The introduction of factors serves to make this process more efficient.
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