Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 3
Polymer-based drug delivery systems with antibiofilm activity
Biofilm-producing
target organism
Delivery system
Encapsulated drug
Reference
Poly(
DL
-lactic-co-glycolic
acid) microparticles
Rifampin,
Clindamycin
hydrochloride
Staphylococcus
aureus
Daniel
et al. (
2012
)
Poly(
DL
-lactide-co-glycolide
(PLGA) nanocapsules
Carvacrol
Staphylococcus
epidermidis
Iannitelli
et al. (
2011
)
Polymer nano composite
Silver and gold
nanoparticles
Escherichia coli
Sawant
et al. (
2013
)
Poly(
DL
-lactic acid)
Vancomycin
Staphylococcus
aureus
(MRSA)
Ravelingien
et al. (
2010
)
Poly(
L
-lactic acid)
Ciprofloxacin
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
Owusu-Ababio
et al. (
1995
)
Table 4
Chitosan-based formulations for antibiofilm drug delivery
Encapsulated
drug
Delivery system
Biofilm-producing target organism
Reference
n-HA/CS/KGM Vancomycin
Staphylococcus aureus
Ma et al. (
2011
)
Chitosan
Rifampin
Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylo-
coccus aureus
Zhengbing and Sun
(
2009
)
Chitosan
microspheres
Tetracyclin
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Nahla et al. (
2012
)
Chitosan
Gentamicin
Staphylococcus
spp
. clinical isolates
Tunney et al. (
2008
)
mucusoadhesive properties due to its electrostatic interactions with the sialic groups
of mucin (Huang and Khort
2004
). The chemical modification of chitosan imparts
amphiphilicity, which is an important characteristic for the formation of self-
assembled nanoparticles and biofilm delivery (Tables
3
and
4
). The hydrophobic
cores of the nanoparticles can act as reservoirs or microcontainers for various
bioactive substances such as antimicrobial or anticancer agents, genes, and vac-
cines. Due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, lack of toxicity, and adsorption
properties, chitosan is also used as a stabilizing agent to prepare silver, gold, and
platinum nanoparticles (Namasivayam and Roy
2013
). Due to the cationic nature of
chitosan, it strongly binds to anionic antibiotics through the formation of ionic
complexes (Zhengbing and Sun
2009
).
6 Conclusions
The biofilm matrix helps microbes to aggregate and adhere to various biological
and nonbiological surfaces. Drugs against biofilm components and the machinery
used by bacteria to establish biofilms (e.g., quorum sensing) will undoubtedly help
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