Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
biofilm formation was also inhibited more effectively by
Boesenbergia pandurata
(finger root) oil; biofilms were reduced by 63-98 % when sub-MIC volumes (from
4to32
L/mL) were used. Moreover, a significant disruption of mature biofilms
was observed when similar volumes of the tested oils were applied (Taweechai-
supapong et al.
2010
). Additionally, the antifungal activity of tea tree oil has been
studied by De Prijck and coworkers against
C. albicans
biofilms. The tea tree oil
was released from modified polydimethyl siloxane disks as a model for incorpo-
rating antifungals into medical devices to prevent biofilm formation by
Candida
spp. (De Prijck et al.
2010
). The efficacy of sub-lethal concentrations of
Muscari
comosum
bulb extract in modulating yeast adhesion and subsequent biofilm devel-
opment on abiotic surfaces and its role as extracellular signal responsible for
biofilm dispersion was reported (Villa et al.
2012
).
ʼ
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
OH
19
Purpurin (structure 20) (1,2,4-trihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone), a natural red
anthraquinone pigment commonly found in madder root (
Rubia tinctorum
L.) at
sub-lethal concentrations (3
g/mL), inhibited
C. albicans
biofilm formation and
reduced the metabolic activity of mature biofilms in a concentration-dependent
manner. SEM images showed that purpurin-treated
C. albicans
biofilms were
scanty and exclusively consisted of aggregates of blastospores (Tsang et al.
2012
).
ʼ
O
OH
OH
O
OH
20
Khan and Ahmad (
2012a
) reported that essential oil components eugenol and
cinnamaldehyde were more active against preformed biofilms than amphotericin B
and fluconazole against both clinical and reference strains of
C. albicans
(
C. albicans
04 and
C. albicans
SC5314, respectively). At 0.5
MIC, eugenol
and cinnamaldehyde were the most inhibitory compounds against biofilm formation.
Light and electron microscopic studies revealed the deformity of three-dimensional
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