Current and Emergent Control Strategies for Medical Biofilms - Antibiofilm Agents: From Diagnosis to Treatment and Prevention - page 127

Fig. 3 The three-dimensional CLSM reconstruction of E. faecalis biofilms subjected to aPDI
( inset shows the sagittal section). ( a ) The untreated biofilm. ( b ) The biofilm incubated with
100

M RB followed by irradiation at 40 J/cm 2 .( c ) The biofilm incubated with 100

MMB
followed by irradiation at 40 J/cm 2 (The colors represent: green viable, red dead, yellow interme-
diate) (Kishen et al. 2010)

μ μ

suspensions and biofilms. Suspensions and biofilms were treated with different
delivery systems containing ClAlPc. For biofilms, cationic NE-ClAlPc reduced
cell metabolism by 80 and 73 % of susceptible and resistant strains, respectively.
Although anionic NE-ClAlPc caused a significant CFU/mL reduction for MSSA
and MRSA, it was not capable of reducing MRSA biofilm metabolism. Moreover, a
very recent study has shown improved efficacy of twofold positively charged
porphyrin (XF-73) in comparison to fourfold positively charged porphyrin
[5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine, tetra- p -tosylate salt]