Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 5.2
Comparison of Plants and Animals
Plants
Animals
Plants contain chlorophyll and can make
their own food.
Animals cannot make their own food and are
dependent on plants and other animals for food.
Plants give off oxygen and take in carbon
dioxide given off by animals.
Animals give off carbon dioxide, which plants
need to make food, and take in oxygen, which
they need to breathe.
Plants generally are rooted in one place
and do not move on their own.
Most animals have the ability to move fairly freely.
Plants have either no or a very basic ability
to sense.
Animals have a much more highly developed
sensory and nervous system.
p lant t erminology
Apical meristem consists of meristematic cells located at the tip (apex) of a
root or shoot.
Cambium is the lateral meristem in plants.
Chloroplasts are disk-like organelles with a double membrane that are found
in eukaryotic plant cells.
Companion cells are specialized cells in the phloem that load sugars into the
sieve elements.
Cotyledons are leaf-like structures (sometimes referred to as a seed leaf ) pres-
ent in the seeds of flowering plants.
Dicots are one of the two main types of flowering plants; they are character-
ized by having two cotyledons.
Diploid refers to having two of each kind of chromosome (2 n ).
Guard cells are specialized epidermal cells that flank stomata and whose
opening and closing regulate gas exchange and water loss.
Haploid refers to having only a single set of chromosomes ( n ).
Meristem is a group of plant cells that can divide indefinitely, providing new
cells for the plant.
Monocots are one of two main types of flowering plants; they are character-
ized by having a single cotyledon.
Periderm is a layer of plant tissue derived from the cork cambium and then
secondary tissue, replacing the epidermis.
Phloem is a complex vascular tissue that transports carbohydrates throughout
the plant.
Sieve cells are conducting cells in the phloem of vascular plants.
Stomata are pores on the underside of leaves that can be opened or closed to
control gas exchange and water loss.
Thallus is the main plant body, not differentiated into a stem or leaves.
Tropism is the plant behavior that controls the direction of plant growth.
 
 
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