Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
1
Sun
2
14
14
13
13
1. Rain cloud
8. Transpiration from plants
2. Precipitation
9. Return to ocean
3. Ground water
10. Evaporation from soil
4. Animal water intake
11. Evaporation from ponds
5. Respiration
12. Evaporation from ocean
12
8
5
6. Excretion
13. Water vapor
10
11
7. Plant absorption
14. Cloud formation
1
9
4
2
6
7
3
FIGURE 4.1
Water cycle. (Adapted from
Water Cycle
, AB35366, © Carolina Biological
Supply Co., April 16, 1966.)
Before non-Native American settlers arrived in this pristine wilderness region,
nature, humans, and salmon lived in harmony and provided for each other. Nature
gave the salmon the perfect habitat; the salmon provided Native Americans with
sustenance, and the Native Americans gave both their natural world and the salmon
the respect they deserved.
After the settlers came to the Rachel River Valley, changes began to take place.
The salmon still ran the river and humans still fed on the salmon, but the circum-
stances quickly changed. The settlers wanted more land, and Native Americans were
forced to give way; they were either killed or forcibly moved to other places, such as
reservations, while the settlers did all they could to erase Native American beliefs
and cultural inheritance. The salmon still ran the streams.
