Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
1.
Physical Toxicants
Physical toxicants are those materials that act to block any physiological
process, not biochemically or neurological, but mechanically. Examples
include oils used to control mosquito larvae by blocking or clogging their
respiratory opening and heavier oils applied to fruit trees during the dormant
season to control scales by clogging their respiratory openings. Other physi-
cal toxicants are the inert, abrasive dusts such as boric acid, diatomaceous
earth, and silica gel. These materials kill by absorbing waxes from the insect
cuticle, effecting the continuous loss of moisture from the insect body, which
in turn causes desiccation and death from dehydration.
2. Cytoplasmic, Neurological, and Muscular Poisons, Meta-
bolic Inhibitors, Cytolytic Toxins, and Alkylating Agents
a.
Organophosphate Insecticides
The following table lists current organophosphate products. They are
grouped by the relative toxicities.
Table 5.3
Organophosphate products grouped by the relative toxicities.
Highly toxic*:
Moderately toxic:
Tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP),
quinalphos (Bayrusil),
Imefox (Hanane, Pestox XIV)
ethion (Ethanox)
Phorate (Thimet, Rampart, AASTAR)
chlorpyrifos (Dursban, Lorsban, Brodan)
Disulfoton
+
(Disyston)
edifenphos
oxydeprofos
+
(Metasystox-S)
Fensulfothion (Dasanit)
Demeton
+
(Systox)
sulprofos (Bolster, Helothion)
Terbufos (Counter, Contraven)
isoxathion (E-48, Karphos)
Mevinphos (Phosdrin, Duraphos)
Propetamphos (Safrotin)
ethyl parathion (E605, Parathion, Thiophos)
Phosalone (Zolone)
Azinphos-methyl (Guthion, Gusathion)
Thiometon (Ekatin)
Fosthietan (Nem-A-Tak)
Heptenophos (Hostaquick)
Chlormephos (Dotan)
Crotoxyphos (Ciodrin, Cypona)
Sulfotep (Thiotepp, Bladafum, Dithione)
phosmet (Imidan, Prolate)
Carbophenothion (Trithion)
trichlorfon (Dylox, Dipterex, Proxol, Negu-
von)
Chlorthiophos (Celathion)
cythioate (Protean, Cyflee)
Fonofos (Dyfonate, N-2790)
Phencapton (G 28029)
Prothoate
+
(Fac)
pirimiphos-ethyl (Primicid)
Fenamiphos (Nemacur)
DEF (DeGreen, EZ-Off D)
Phosfolan
+
(Cyolane, Cylan)
methyl trithion
Methyl parathion (E 601, Penncap-M)
dimethoate (Cygon, DeFend)
Schradan (OMPA)
fenthion (mercaptophos, Entex, Baytex, Tigu-
von)
Mephosfolan
+
(Cytrolane)
Dichlofenthion (VC-13 Nemacide),
Chlorfenvinphos (Apachlor, Birlane)
bensulide (Betasan, Prefar)
Coumaphos (Co-Ral, Asuntol)
EPBP (S-Seven)
Phosphamidon (Dimecron)
diazinon (Spectracide)
