Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
experiencing exponential growth and commanding
its own, dedicated international conferences [159].
Commercial microwave reactors have been
introduced for laboratory-scale and pilot-scale
preparations, with scale-up apparently a formality.
Fundamental studies have provided the basis for an
understanding of the principles of microwave chem-
istry. As a result, the focus of research has shifted
toward applications, with an increasing emphasis on
environmentally benign methods, including those
utilising tandem processes and multidisciplinary
activities. Several of these aspects have been dis-
cussed briefly herein and, in many instances, refer-
ences to more extensive reviews and comprehensive
studies have been provided within the various
sections. Also, microwave technology has found
applications in other new areas not discussed
here, including combinatorial chemistry, the use of
tethered reagents and ionic liquids. Reports dealing
with such areas could be expected to appear within
the near future. Microwave technology already is
used for commercial synthesis of high-value, low-
volume chemicals and one reasonably could expect
the continued development of new equipment and
niche chemical applications.
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